Mosly Referred to the server-side of an app and anything that communicates between the database and the frontend/browser.
A Backend Developer's Life Cycle
understand
plan
develop
test
Backend Development Tools and Technologies Servers: A computer that listens for incoming requests from the clients (frontend). Example of web servers are Apache Nginx, IIS servers, Tomcat.
A list of few things a Backend developer should learn under servers.
Types of Servers :
Static : the server sends its hosted files as it is to your browser
Dynamic : the application server updates the hosted files before sending them to your browser visa the HTTP server.
Communication Protocol(HTTP) :
It comprises of the formal description of rules and formats of a digital messages.
Others :
Load Balancing
Message Queues
Need Some Research here, i didn't understood these terms.
Databases :
it provide an interface to save data in a persistent way to memory.
Types of database :
MySQL
SQLite
MongoDB
PostgreDB etc.
Things to learn in databases as a Backend developer
Schemas
Normalization
Indexes
Stored procedure and triggers
Wide knowledge of SQL, DDL & DML
Views
Strong database optimization skills
Things to learn in Operating Systems
Memory Management
Cloud Computing
Processes & process management
Inter Process Communication
Threads & concurrency
Input & Output management
Scheduling
Distributed File System
Virtualization
Topics to Master
in any programming language
Session management
Authentication & Authorization
Caching Mechanisms
APIs & Web Services
Software architectures (MVC)
Software design patterns
Algorithms and data structures
Structured logging
Debugging, profiling and tracing
Deployment
Software testing
Frameworks and Package Managers
Things to consider as a Backend Developer
Scalability
Security
Robustness
Readability
Performance Oriented
Maintainability